shower heads and shower sets

We have different packing design for shower heads and sets. And we can also make the packing design according to our clients requirement.

SKF Continues to Streamline Production and Improve Efficiency

SKF has decided to close its manufacturing facility in Glasgow, United States, and to reduce the number of employees at the Fontenay-le-Comte facility in France. These are the most important steps in the Group's ongoing activities to reduce costs and improve efficiency in its operations.

The total cost of these activities amounts to some SEK 360 million. Some SEK 300 million will be taken as restructuring expenses during this year's fourth quarter. The remaining SEK 60 million will be taken during 2008 and 2009. The annual benefit of the programme, fully implemented from 2010, amounts to some SEK 120 million.

The different activities, that will run during 2008 and 2009 and will affect the operations in USA, France and some other countries, will reduce the number of employees with some 500 persons.

The cost of the programme will have a negative impact on the Automotive Division during the fourth quarter 2007 with some SEK 265 million and on the Industrial Division with some SEK 35 million.Die Casting, Water filter, Ball Valves

The closing of the Glasgow factory and the transfer of the production to the Group's factory in Puebla, Mexico, are necessary to remain competitive in the US automotive market.

Parts of a typical globe valve

The main pressure containing structure of the valve and the most easily identified as it forms the mass of the valve. It contains all of the valve's internal parts that will come in contact with the substance being controlled by the valve. The bonnet is connected to the body and provides the containment of the fluid, gas, or slurry that is being controlled.

Globe valves are typically two-port valves, although three port valves are also produced. Ports are openings in the body for fluid flowing in or out. The two ports may be oriented straight across from each other on the body,[6] or oriented at an angle such as a 90° angle.[7] Globe valves with ports at such an angle are called angle globe valves. A globe valve can also have a body in the shape of a y.[8] ==

Bonnet

Provides leakproof closure for the valve body. The threaded section of stem goes through a hole with matching threads in the bonnet. Globe valves may have a screw-in, union, or bolted[9] bonnet. Screw-in bonnet is the simplest bonnet, offering a durable, pressure-tight seal. Union bonnet is suitable for applications requiring frequent inspection or cleaning. It also gives the body added strength. A bonnet attached with bolts is used for larger or higher pressure applications. Bonnets also contain the packing, which is a wearable material that maintains the seal between the bonnet and the stem during valve cycling operations

Plug or disc (disk)

The closure member of the valve. Plugs are connected to the stem which is slid or screwed up or down to throttle the flow. Plugs are typically of the balance or unbalanced type. Unbalanced plugs are solid and are used with smaller valves or with low pressure drops across the valve. The advantages are simpler design, with one possible leak path at the seat and usually lower cost. The disadvantages are the limited size; with a large unbalanced plug the forces needed to seat and hold the flow off become impractical. Balanced plugs have holes through the plug. Advantages include easier shut off as the plug does not have to overcome static forces. However, a second leak path is created between the plug and the cage, cost is generally higher.

Stem

The stem serves as a connector from the actuator to the inside of the valve and transmits this actuation force. Stems are either smooth for actuator controlled valves or threaded for manual valves. The smooth stems are surrounded by packing material to prevent leaking material from the valve. This packing is a wear material and will have to be replaced during maintenance. With a smooth stem the ends are threaded to allow connection to the plug and the actuator. The stem must not only withstand a large amount of compression force during valve closure, but also have high tensile strength during valve opening. In addition, the stem must be very straight, or have low runout, in order to ensure good valve closure. This minimum runout also minimizes wear of the packing contained in the bonnet, which provides the seal against leakage.

Cage

The cage is part of the valve that surrounds the plug and is located inside the body of the valve. Typically, the cage is one of the greatest determiners of flow within the valve. As the plug is moved more of the openings in the cage are exposed and flow is increased and vise versa. The design and layout of the openings can have a large effect on flow of material (the flow characteristics of different materials at temperatures, pressures that are in a range). Cages are also used to guide the plug to the seat of the valve for a good shutoff, substituting the guiding from the bonnet.Bathroom Accessories
Shower Heads

Seat ring

The seat ring provides a stable, uniform and replaceable shut off surface. Seat rings are usually held in place by pressure from the fastening of the bonnet to the top of the body. This pushes the cage down on the lip of the seat ring and holds it firmly to the body of the valve. Seat rings may also be threaded and screwed into a thread cut in the same area of the body. However this method makes removal of the seat ring during maintenance difficult if not impossible. Seat rings are also typically beveled at the seating surface to allow for some guiding during the final stages of closing the valve.

Economical globe valves or stop valves with a similar mechanism used in plumbing often have a rubber washer at the bottom of the disc for the seating surface, so that rubber can be compressed against the seat to form a leak-tight seal when shut.

Many globe valves have a class rating that corresponds to the pressure specifications of ANSI 16.34. Bibcocks and sillcocks are variations of globe or stop valves used in plumbing. Needle valves are variations of globe valves where instead of a separate attached disc piece, the internal end of the stem is conically tapered to act as the disc to fit into a matching seat for fine flow adjustment. Other different types of valve usually are called globe style valves because of the shape of the body or the way of closure of the disk. As an example typical swing check valves could be called globe type.

[edit] Materials

Typically globe valves are made of metallic alloys, although some synthetic materials are available. These materials are chosen based on pressure, temperature, controlled media properties. Corrosive and/or erosive process streams may require a compromise in material selection or exotic alloys or body coatings to minimize these material interactions and extend the life of the valve or valve trim components. Typically, carbon steel alloys are specified for noncorrosive applications. Other alloys such as Hastelloy, Monel, Inconel and others are available.

Packing material must also be considered during valve selection. Typically the requirement for a low friction packing conflict with a durable material that will provide low maintenance requirements during service life. Corrosive applications can further complicate packing material selection as the typical packing materials may or may not be compatible with the processed materials. Typically graphite or PTFE is used due to its low friction coefficient. Enviro-seal applications also have the availablilty of constant applied force (live-load) packing. While more complex, it allows for constant packing force load throughout the life of the packing material. This packing helps meet contemporary environmental laws.
From:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_valve
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Globe valve

A Globe valve is a device (specifically a type of valve) for regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.[1]

Globe Valves are named for their spherical body shape with the two halves of the body being separated by an internal baffle. This has an opening that forms a seat onto which a movable plug[2] can be screwed in to close (or shut) the valve. The plug is also called a disc or disk.[3][4][5] In globe valves, the plug is connected to a stem which is operated by screw action in manual valves. Typically, automated valves use sliding stems. Automated globe valves have a smooth stem rather than threaded and are opened and closed by an actuator assembly. When a globe valve is manually operated, the stem is turned by a handwheel.

Although globe valves in the past had the spherical bodies which gave them their name, many modern globe valves do not have much of a spherical shape. However, the term globe valve is still often used for valves that have such an internal mechanism. In plumbing, valves with such a mechanism are also often called stop valves since they don't have the global appearance, but the term stop valve may refer to valves which are used to stop flow even when they have other mechanisms or designsBathroom Accessories
Shower Heads
Globe valves are used for applications requiring throttling and frequent operation. For example, globe valves or valves with a similar mechanism may be used as sampling valves, which are normally shut except when liquid samples are being taken. Since the baffle restricts flow, they're not recommended where full, unobstructed flow is required.

Brass ball valves

Already certified by the German Institute DVGW, the Venus Series has been further improved upon, and is certified to the EN 331 European norm covering gas ball valves. The Venus series offers a high working reliability at low and very low pressures, which are typical in gas installations.

This article was originally published on Engineeringtalk on 23 August 2001 at 8.00am (UK)

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Each valve is equipped with wrapping seats to ensure long and maintenance free life cycles.

The Venus series are also fitted with blow-out proof stems and offer perfect air-bubble sealing.

The patented PTFE conical seals that distinguish Effebi ball valves are, of course, included.

The Venus gas ball valve is available with different operating devices, including aluminium lever and T-handle, square and sealing brass cap and underground adaptor.

An anti-friction ring forms the first automatic sealing at high pressure.

The second sealing, for low pressure, consists of two cone shaped seals, made with Teflon-Teflon sliding surfaces, ensuring that it does not wear.

All of the valves in the Venus series are tested at 25 bar pressure, for a period exceeding 48 hours.

Effebi gas ball valves are available in the UK through specialist distributors. casting,wind generators,bending machines,hisuppliers,casting,auto bearing,water filter,ball valves

Pressure regulator

Pressure regulators don't simply stop flow when the source pressure is too high. Rather, they react to the pressure on their output side, and close when the pressure in the plumbing reaches the designated level. Should the pressure come down (for example, if someone were to open a faucet), the valve then opens and allows flow until the plumbing pressure goes back up (such as when the faucet is closed).

A typical pressure regulator uses the outside air as a reference to the baseline pressure. It regulates not on the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet, but rather the pressure difference between the outlet and the outside air.

Recreational vehicles

For recreational vehicles with plumbing, a pressure regulator is a necessity. When camping, a source of water may have an enormous pressure level, particularly if it comes from a tank that is at a much higher elevation than the campground. Water pressure is dependent on how far the water must fall. Without a pressure regulator, the intense pressure encountered at some campgrounds in mountainous areas may be enough to burst the camper's water pipes or unseat the plumbing joints, causing flooding. Pressure regulators for this purpose are typically sold as small screw-on accessories that fit inline with the hoses used to connect an RV to the water supply, which are almost always screw-thread-compatible with the common garden hose.

Oxygen supply

Another common application of a pressure regulator is on an oxygen tank used for breathing. The tank may contain pressures well in excess of 2000 PSI, which could cause fatal injury to a person breathing it. A regulator allows only a sustained flow of oxygen similar to standard atmospheric pressure.

Pressure reducing valve

For water

Domestic water PRV's are generally found between the mains water supply and a sealed water heating system, typically a space heating system or a sealed hot water system.

For gas

Gas Pressure Reducing Valves are found in the connection to all domestic gas cylinders; this is essential as the liquified petroleum gas in the cylinder is at a very high pressure.

Safety valve

Pressure reducing valves should not be confused with safety valves; the latter are valves which usually open at a pre-set critical pressure or temperature which is higher than permitted by the system, and they allow the gas or liquid to escape, usually to the atmosphere. Some safety valves, for example on an oil boiler, will shut off the oil supply in the event of a rise above a certain temperature, for example if a fire were to occur. Most safety valves are factory pre-set and normally should not be tampered with.